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Knowledge

Understanding German taxes & bookkeeping

Short answers to real questions about your UG or GmbH, sorted by topic and in a sensible learning order.

Start here

Founding guide (one-pager)

Each step of founding a GmbH or UG in the right order.

Topics

1

General – founding & basics

The basics of your company.

2

Understanding VAT (Umsatzsteuer)

How German VAT works.

3

Advance returns, tax returns & deadlines

What is due when.

4

UG & GmbH day to day

Obligations in day-to-day business.

5

EU, abroad & reverse charge

Cross-border business.

6

Bookkeeping & receipts

Receipts, accounts, order.

7

Letters from the tax office (Finanzamt)

Understanding notices and letters.

8

Tax ABC

Terms explained in 60 seconds.

Also

9

Myths & facts

Common misconceptions, briefly set straight.

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Taxes by city (German)

  • Berlin
  • Hamburg
  • München
  • Köln
  • Frankfurt am Main
  • Stuttgart
  • Düsseldorf
  • Leipzig
  • Dortmund
  • Essen
  • Bremen
  • Dresden
  • Hannover
  • Nürnberg
  • Duisburg
  • Bochum
  • Wuppertal
  • Bielefeld
  • Bonn
  • Münster
  • Mannheim
  • Karlsruhe
  • Augsburg
  • Wiesbaden
  • Freiburg im Breisgau

Taxes by industry

  • AI businesses
  • SaaS
  • Digital businesses
  • E-commerce
  • Agencies
  • Service businesses
  • Consulting
  • Coaching & online courses
  • HR & recruiting
  • Personal brands & creators
  • Startups
  • Holding companies
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Pluto Tax is a software tool that supports you in preparing your own tax returns. It does not provide tax advice within the meaning of the German Tax Advisory Act (Steuerberatungsgesetz). For individual tax advice, please consult a tax advisor.

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